![]() Whereas Beethoven is credited with the development of the first song cycle, it was Haydn with the English canzonettas who gave us the first marriage of keyboard, voice and poetry which was to become the hallmark of the 19th century Art song. Hunter and the new possibilities presented by the more powerful English pianoforte was a true turning point in the development of the Art Song. The result of this fortunate professional collaboration with Mrs. A True Turning Point In The Development Of The Art Song Anne Hunter was already a successful and influential lyric poet, known for her social literary parties, when Haydn arrived. The English instrument possessed a stronger, more robust tone capable of a greater range of dynamics and sustaining power. The English pianoforte was truly a revelation for Haydn whose previous keyboard works were written for the Viennese Stein pianoforte with a much lighter touch and tone more akin to the clavichord and harpsichord than the modern piano. For the development of the Art Song, his time in London had special significance where he made the acquaintance of the vastly improved pianoforte Broadwood and the poet, Anne Hunter, wife of the renowned surgeon and anatomist Dr. The journeys (1791–17–1795) were a great success, garnishing Haydn both fame and fortune. Thus, Josef Haydn, the longtime court composer, began his new life as an independent musician. Still at the height of his fame and musical abilities, Haydn chose rather to accept an invitation by the German composer and impresario, Johann Peter Salomon to present his new symphonies with a orchestra before an already adoring public in London. Upon the death of his court benefactor, Prince Nikolaus, in 1790, Haydn was sent in to retirement by the prince’s unmusical successor. (Image source: Haydn’s English songs: the canzonettas by Ray Heigemeir, Public Services Librarian for Music, Stanford University, ) IPA Source offers the IPA text for all 12 of Haydn’s English Canzonettas. Then, during his last years in Vienna, he trumped them with six great masses for his princess’ name day and a pair of magnificent oratorios, The Creation and The Seasons, that recast the monumental choral style of Handel for a new century.Share Post via LinkedIn Haydn’s English songs, The Canzonettas, are an important collection of Franz Joseph Haydn’s work and a true turning point in the development of the Art Song. During the 1790s in London, he wrote his final 12 (of 106) crowning symphonies. He became a prolific operatic composer during the 1770s and 1780s, although his operas soon fell from fashion and are only latterly being re-evaluated. In addition, he created repertoires for such anomalous instruments as the baryton (a sort of viol) and lira organizzata (a combined hurdy-gurdy and organ). He thus “had to become original,” as he said, and took not only the symphony and the quartet but also the piano sonata, piano trio, and other genres of the day and invested them with a compositional rigor and expressive range that profoundly inspired not only his young friend Mozart and his younger pupil Beethoven but almost every musician in Europe. He was born in 1732 and worked for half a century for a single princely family at their isolated palace in the Hungarian countryside. Yet these cozy terms underplay his questing intellect, sprightly sense of humor, and sheer productivity. ![]() Haydn was known during his lifetime as “Papa Haydn.” During the 19th century he was dubbed “father of the symphony” (which he didn’t invent) and “father of the string quartet” (which he probably did).
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